FUEL OPTIMIZATION IN BLAST FURNACES: BURDEN CONTROL AND RAFT MANAGEMENT

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive and integrative approach to optimizing fuel consumption in blast furnace operations, with a focus on the interdependence of PCI–Coke fuel ratio, oxygen-enriched air injection, and precise control of the Raceway Adiabatic Flame Temperature (RAFT). Based on the principles of combustion thermodynamics, reduction kinetics, and gas flow through the burden, the work analyzes critical performance indicators such as coke reactivity (CRI), post-reaction strength (CSR), and mechanical properties (M40, M10). The influence of raw material granulometry, burden distribution, moisture, alkalis, and zinc is also evaluated. Findings confirm that maintaining optimal RAFT and high-quality burden conditions enhances energy efficiency, reduces coke rate, and ensures greater process stability, while offering a sustainable pathway for advanced blast furnace management.